Biomarkers for the severity of periodontal disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea:IL-1 ß, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-33.

Objective: This study aims to compare the salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of five cytokines: IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-33, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with OSA and their association with periodontitis. Methods: Samples of saliva and GCF were obtained from 84 patients classified into four groups according to periodontal and OSA diagnosis: G1(H) healthy patients, G2(P) periodontitis and non-OSA patients, G3(OSA) OSA and non-periodontitis patients, and G4(P-OSA) periodontitis and OSA patients. The cytokines in the samples were quantified using multiplexed bead immunoassays. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's multiple comparisons test, and the Spearman correlation test. Results: Stage III periodontitis was the highest in patients with severe OSA (69%; p=0.0142). Similar levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 in saliva were noted in G2(P) and G4(P-OSA). The IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33 levels were higher in the GCF of G4(P-OSA). There was a significant positive correlation between IL-33 in saliva and stage IV periodontitis in G4(P-OSA) (r s  = 0.531). The cytokine profile of the patients in G4(P-OSA) with Candida spp. had an increase of the cytokine's levels compared to patients who did not have the yeast. Conclusions: OSA may increase the risk of developing periodontitis due to increase of IL-1ß and IL-6 in saliva and IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33 in GCF that share the activation of the osteoclastogenesis. Those cytokines may be considered as biomarkers of OSA and periodontitis.

Relationship of obstructive sleep apnea with periodontal condition and its local and systemic risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and periodontitis share risk factors, such as age, obesity, stress, and cardiovascular events, which have a bidirectional cause-effect relationship through systemic inflammation. Our objective was to determine the relationship between OSA and the periodontal condition and its associated local and systemic risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an observational case-control study involving 60 patients. Local oral risk factors and the systemic condition of each patient were evaluated. All patients underwent polysomnography for the diagnosis of OSA. Chi-squared, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's tests were performed. RESULTS: A higher percentage of patients with periodontitis had severe OSA (66.66%); however, no statistically significant association was found between the two pathologies (p = 0.290). In terms of systemic risk factors, an association was found between arterial hypertension and severe OSA (p = 0.038), and in terms of local factors, an association was found between the use of removable prostheses and severe OSA (p = 0.0273). CONCLUSION: In the general population, patients with periodontitis showed a higher prevalence of severe OSA. Obesity and hypothyroidism were the most prevalent systemic findings in patients with OSA and periodontitis. Arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis were found to be associated with severe OSA. The local risk factors associated with periodontitis and severe OSA were removable partial dentures and misfit resins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To study the factors that can facilitate the progression of OSA and periodontitis, physicians and dentists should be advised to provide comprehensive care for patients with both pathologies.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea can favor the predisposing factors of periodontitis by the presence of P. melaninogenica and C. albicans, increasing the severity of the periodontal disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the cultivable oral microbiota of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its association with the periodontal condition. Methods: The epidemiology profile of patients and their clinical oral characteristics were determined. The microbiota was collected from saliva, subgingival plaque, and gingival sulcus of 93 patients classified into four groups according to the periodontal and clinical diagnosis: Group 1 (n = 25), healthy patients; Group 2 (n = 17), patients with periodontitis and without OSA; Group 3 (n = 19), patients with OSA and without periodontitis; and Group 4 (n = 32), patients with periodontitis and OSA. Microbiological samples were cultured, classified, characterized macroscopically and microscopically, and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The distribution of complexes and categories of microorganisms and correlations were established for inter- and intra-group of patients and statistically evaluated using the Spearman r test (p-value <0.5) and a multidimensional grouping analysis. Result: There was no evidence between the severity of OSA and periodontitis (p = 0.2813). However, there is a relationship between the stage of periodontitis and OSA (p = 0.0157), with stage III periodontitis being the one with the highest presence in patients with severe OSA (prevalence of 75%; p = 0.0157), with more cases in men. The greatest distribution of the complexes and categories was found in oral samples of patients with periodontitis and OSA (Group 4 P-OSA); even Candida spp. were more prevalent in these patients. Periodontitis and OSA are associated with comorbidities and oral conditions, and the microorganisms of the orange and red complexes participate in this association. The formation of the dysbiotic biofilm was mainly related to the presence of these complexes in association with Candida spp. Conclusion: Periodontopathogenic bacteria of the orange complex, such as Prevotella melaninogenica, and the yeast Candida albicans, altered the cultivable oral microbiota of patients with periodontitis and OSA in terms of diversity, possibly increasing the severity of periodontal disease. The link between yeasts and periodontopathogenic bacteria could help explain why people with severe OSA have such a high risk of stage III periodontitis. Antimicrobial approaches for treating periodontitis in individuals with OSA could be investigated in vitro using polymicrobial biofilms, according to our findings.

Systemic inflammatory response to non-surgical treatment in hypertensive patients with periodontal infection.

ABSTRACT: Hypertension is associated with chronic inflammation in the tissues and organs that are involved in the regulation of arterial pressure, such as kidneys and blood vessels. Periodontal disease affects systemic inflammatory markers, leading to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque instability, dyslipidaemia, and insulin resistance. These conditions can also cause an increase in the blood pressure. Nonsurgical periodontal therapies, such as scaling and root planning, can affect systemic markers of inflammation. We evaluated the effect of scaling and root planning on serum levels of inflammation biomarkers in hypertensive patients. The sample consisted of 19 hypertensive patients with Periodontitis. The patients underwent laboratory tests that included glycaemia, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood count. Blood pressure was measured before periodontal therapy, and the second blood pressure recording was obtained at the re-evaluation appointment. Quantification of peripheral blood cytokines was performed using the Milliplex Inflammation Human Cytokine kit (Interleukin 1-ß, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-12 P70, Interleukin-17A, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). All cytokine levels decreased from the initial examination to reassessment. Cytokines that reflected a statistically significant difference included Interleukin-1ß and endothelial vascular growth factor (P = .04 and P = .004). Hypertensive patients with periodontitis undergoing non-surgical periodontal treatment exhibited a decrease in proinflammatory cytokine levels. Non-surgical periodontal treatment decreases the levels of systemic proinflammatory cytokines in controlled hypertensive patients.

Periodontal Disease, Inflammatory Cytokines, and PGE2 in Pregnant Patients at Risk of Preterm Delivery: A Pilot Study.

Periodontal disease is an infection that, in pregnant women, can act as a risk factor for preterm delivery by increasing local and systemic inflammatory responses. Objective. To analyze the presence of periodontal disease, proinflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) in pregnant patients at high risk for preterm delivery. Materials and Methods. Pilot study for a case-control study. We included 46 pregnant patients (23 patients at risk of preterm delivery as cases and 23 patients without risk of preterm delivery as controls). We excluded patients who received periodontal treatment, antibiotics, or antimicrobials over the last 3 months as well as those with infections or diseases such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. The patients underwent a periodontal assessment, and their levels of cytokines (interleukin- [IL-] 2, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor- [TNF-] α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were quantified. Results. Patients with periodontal disease showed higher levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and PGE 2 . Patients at high risk for preterm birth showed higher IL levels compared with patients at low risk for preterm delivery. PGE 2 increased with the severity of periodontal disease. PGE 2 was higher in patients at low risk for preterm delivery, although this difference was not significant. Conclusion. Periodontal disease can increase the systemic inflammatory response as well as the levels of PGE 2 and inflammatory cytokines in pregnant patients.

Inflamatory response in pregnant women with high risk of preterm delivery and its relationship with periodontal disease: a pilot study.

Periodontal disease and its inflammatory response have been related to adverse outcomes in pregnancy such as preterm birth, preeclampsia and low birth weight. This study analyzed systemic inflammatory response in patients with high risk of preterm delivery and its relationship to periodontal disease. A pilot study was conducted for a case and control study, on 23 patients at risk of preterm delivery and 23 patients without risk of preterm delivery as controls. Exclusion criteria were patients who had received periodontal treatment, antibiotic or antimicrobial agents within the past three months, or with infections or baseline diseases such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. All patients underwent periodontal assessment, laboratory tests (complete blood count, lipid profile, baseline glycemia) and quantification of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TNF-γ). Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TNF-γ) were found in patients with chronic periodontitis than in patients with gingivitis or periodontal health. These cytokines, in particular IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α, were higher in patients at high risk of preterm delivery. Patients with high risk of preterm delivery had higher severity of periodontal disease as well as higher levels of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TNF-γ.

La enfermedad periodontal y su repuesta inflamatoria ha sido relacionada con desenlaces adversos del embarazo como el parto pretérmino, preeclampsia y bajo peso al nacer. La presente investigación analizó la respuesta inflamatoria sistèmica en pacientes embarazadas con alto riesgo de parto pretérmino y su relación con la enfermedad periodontal. Se realizó un estudio piloto de casos y controles, en el cual se contó con 23 pacientes que presentaban riesgo de parto pretérmino como casos y 23 pacientes sin riesgo de parto pretérmino como controles. Fueron excluidas las pacientes que hubieran recibido tratamiento periodontal, antibióticos o antimicrobianos en los últimos tres meses, que tuvieran infecciones, o enfermedades de base como diabetes o hipercolesterolemia. A todas las pacientes se les hicieron valoración periodontal, exámenes de laboratorio (cuadro hemático, perfil lipídico, glucemia basal) y cuanti-ficación de citocinas (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e TNF-γ). En las pacientes con periodontitis crónica se encontraron niveles más elevados en las citocinas proinflamatorias (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e TNF-γ) en comparación con las pacientes con gingivitis o sanas periodontales. Estas citocinas se encontraron más elevadas en las pacientes con alto riesgo de parto pretérmino, en especial la IL-2, IL-10 y TNF-α. Las pacientes con alto riesgo de parto pretérmino presentaron mayor severidad de la enfermedad periodontal y adicionalmente niveles aumentados de los marcadores pro inflamatorios IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e TNF-γ.

Inflammatory response in pregnant women with high risk of preterm delivery and its relationship with periodontal disease: a pilot study / Respuesta inflamatoria en pacientes embarazadas con alto riesgo de parto pretérmino y su relación con la enfermedad periodontal. Estudio piloto

Periodontal disease and its inflammatory response have been related to adverse outcomes in pregnancy such as preterm birth, preeclampsia and low birth weight. This study analyzed systemic inflammatory response in patients with high risk of preterm delivery and its relationship to periodontal disease. A pilot study was conducted for a case and control study, on 23 patients at risk of preterm delivery and 23 patients without risk of preterm delivery as controls. Exclusion criteria were patients who had received periodontal treatment, antibiotic or antimicrobial agents within the past three months, or with infections or baseline diseases such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. All patients underwent periodontal assessment, laboratory tests (complete blood count, lipid profile, baseline glycemia) and quantification of cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα and INFγ). Higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα and INFγ) were found in patients with chronic periodontitis than in patients with gingivitis or periodontal health. These cytokines, in particular IL2, IL10 and TNFα, were higher in patients at high risk of preterm delivery. Patients with high risk of preterm delivery had higher severity of periodontal disease as well as higher levels of the proinflammatory markers IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα and INFγ (AU)

La enfermedad periodontal y su repuesta inflamatoria ha sido relacionada con desenlaces adversos del embarazo como el parto pretérmino, preeclampsia y bajo peso al nacer. La presente investigación analizó la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica en pacientes embarazadas con alto riesgo de parto pretérmino y su relación con la enfermedad periodontal. Se realizó un estudio piloto de casos y controles, en el cual se contó con 23 pacientes que presentaban riesgo de parto pretérmino como casos y 23 pacientes sin riesgo de parto pretérmino como controles. Fueron excluidas las pacientes que hubieran recibido tratamiento periodontal, antibióticos o antimicrobianos en los últimos tres meses, que tuvieran infecciones, o enfermedades de base como diabetes o hipercolesterolemia. A todas las pacientes se les hicieron valoración periodontal, exámenes de laboratorio (cuadro hemático, perfil lipídico, glucemia basal) y cuanti ficación de citocinas (IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα e INFγ). En las pacientes con periodontitis crónica se encontraron niveles más elevados en las citocinas proinflamatorias (IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα e INFγ) en comparación con las pacientes con gingivitis o sanas periodontales. Estas citocinas se encontraron más elevadas en las pacientes con alto riesgo de parto pretérmino, en especial la IL2, IL10 y TNFα. Las pacientes con alto riesgo de parto pretérmino presentaron mayor severidad de la enfermedad periodontal y adicional mente niveles aumentados de los marcadores pro inflamatorios IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα e INFγ (AU)

Microorganismos en lengua y saliva de pacientes edéntulos y con periodontitis crónica y su posible conexión con la Proteína C reactiva / Microorganisms in the Tongue and Saliva of Edentulous and Chronic Periodontal Disease Patients and the Possible Relation to the C-Reactive Protein

Antecedentes: Existe evidencia clínica y experimental que la proteína C reactiva (PCR) es un marcador de inflamación sistêmica asociado a periodontitis crónica. Esta enfermedad es la principal causa de cdcntulismo y ambas condiciones presentan, en algunos casos, los mismos microorganismos. Objetivo : Identificar microorganismos periodontopatógenos presentes en pacientes cdéntulos y en pacientes con periodontitis moderada/avanzada y establecer su relación con la PCR ultrasensible (PCR-us). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en 61 pacientes mayores de 30 años de edad, divididos en dos grupos: con periodontitis crónica y cdcntulos. A cada paciente se le tomó una muestra de saliva y del dorso de la lengua, para identificación microbiológica de microorganismos, y muestra sérica, para evaluación de PCR-us. Se analizó la asociación entre microorganismos, PCR-us y por grupo de pacientes. Resultados: La PCR-us mostró un valor máximo de 1,12 mg/1 en el grupo de cdéntulos sin mostrar diferencia estadísticamente significativa con el grupo de periodontitis crónica (p = 0,29). Sin embargo, valores mayores de PCR-us se observaron en pacientes con microorganismos como Candida albicans, Porphiromona gingival is, Actinomyces nacslundii (A. nacslundii), Capnocytophaga sp., Streptococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) y Bactcroidcs thctaiotaomicron. Conclusión: De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, no hay diferencia en PCR-us entre pacientes cdéntulos y aquellos con enfermedad periodontal. Se encontraron periodontopatógenos en cdéntulos principalmente Capnocytophaga sp., A. nacslundii y S. intermedius, tanto en lengua como en saliva.

Background: Ihcrc is clinical and experimental evidence that C-Rcactivc Protein (CRP) is a systemic inflammation marker associated to the chronic periodontal disease. This disease is the main cause of cdcntulousncss and, in some eases, both conditions involve the same microorganisms. Objective: To identify the pcriodontopathic microorganisms appearing in both edentulous patients and patients with moderate/advanced periodontal disease and to determine how they relate to the ultrasensible CRP (US-CRP). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 61 patients with ages above 30 years divided into two groups: patients with chronic periodontal disease and edentulous patients. Each patient was taken a saliva sample from the tongue dorsum for microbiologic identification of microorganisms, and scrum samples for US-CRP evaluation. The relation between microorganisms and US-CRP was analyzed and described per group. Results: Ihc US-CRP showed a maximum value of 112 mg/L in the edentulous group without any statistically significant difference as compared to the periodontal chronic disease group (p = 029). However, higher values of US-CRP were observed in patients with microorganisms such as Candida albicans, Porphiromona gingivalis, Actinomyces nacslundii (A. nacslundii), Capnocytophaga sp., Streptococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) and Bactcroidcs thctaiotaomicron. Conclusion: Based on the results herein, no difference is observed for che US-CRP between edentulous patients and chronic periodontal disease patients. 'Ihc main periodontal pathogens found in the edentulous subjects include Capnocytophaga sp., A. nacslundii and S. intermedius, both in the tongue and the saliva.

Association between periodontal disease and endothelial dysfunction in smoking patients.

Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the impact of oral health on cardiovascular disease, particularly regarding the effects of chronic infections such as periodontitis on the endothelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate in healthy smokers whether there are any significant differences in the frequency of endothelial dysfunction between subjects with chronic moderate to severe periodontal disease and periodontally healthy subjects. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The target population was adults older than 40 years of age. Blood tests were performed to determine values of CBC, glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDLC. Periodontal examinations and probing were conducted with a Florida Probe®, and standardized procedures were used to measure flow-mediated dilation. Out of 150 subjects [69 male (46%) and 81 female (54%)], 75 (50%) had chronic periodontitis. The mean value for baseline flow-mediated dilation was 4.04% and the mean value for final flow-mediated dilation was 4.66%, with a 0.62% mean difference showing a statistically significant increase (p<0.001).This study found no significant difference in the flow-mediated dilation values between periodontally healthy subjects and those with periodontitis, in contrast to the literature, which suggests a negative impact of periodontal disease on endothelial function.

Durante las últimas dos décadas ha venido incrementándose el interés acerca del impacto de la salud oral, sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si en pacientes sistémicamente sanos y con tabaquismo, se encontraban diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de disfunción endotelial entre personas con enfermedad periodontal crónica de moderada a severa y personas con salud periodontal. El diseño empleado fue un estudio observacional de corte transversal. La población blanco pacientes adultos mayores de 40 años de edad. Se tomaron muestras de sangre para obtener los valores de cuadro hemático, glucemia, colesterol total, cHDL y cLDL. Se realizó el examen periodontal diligenciando el anexo de periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología y de acuerdo con el instructivo. El sondaje se realizó en todos los dientes presentes en boca utilizando la sonda electrónica periodontal (Florida Probe®). La técnica y procedimientos para la vasodilatación mediada por flujo utilizados fueron los estandarizados internacionalmente. De los 150 participantes, 69 eran hombres (46%) y 81 mujeres (54%) con promedio de edad de 50.2 años. De estos,75 pacientes (50%) correspondían al grupo de periodontitis crónica. Al evaluar la vasodilatación mediada por flujo el promedio inicial encontrado fue de 4.04% y el final fue de 4.66%, con un 0.62 % de aumento en promedio (p<0.001). Se puede concluir que a pesar de la evidencia en la literatura que sugiere que la enfermedad periodontal impacta negativa mente la función endotelial, medida por vasodilatación mediada por flujo, el presente estudio no encontró una diferencia significativa.

Association between periodontal disease and endothelial dysfunction in smoking patients / Asociación entre enfermedad periodontal y disfunción endotelial en pacientes fumadores

Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest inthe impact of oral health on cardiovascular disease, particularlyregarding the effects of chronic infections such as periodontitison the endothelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate inhealthy smokers whether there are any significant differences inthe frequency of endothelial dysfunction between subjects with chronic moderate to severe periodontal disease andperiodontally healthy subjects. An observational cross-sectionalstudy was conducted. The target population was adults olderthan 40 years of age. Blood tests were performed to determinevalues of CBC, glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C. Periodontal examinations and probing were conducted witha Florida Probe®, and standardized procedures were used tomeasure flow-mediated dilation. Out of 150 subjects [69 male(46%) and 81 female (54%)], 75 (50%) had chronicperiodontitis. The mean value for baseline flow-mediateddilation was 4.04% and the mean value for final flow-mediateddilation was 4.66%, with a 0.62% mean difference showing astatistically significant increase (p<0.001).This study found nosignificant difference in the flow-mediated dilation valuesbetween periodontally healthy subjects and those withperiodontitis, in contrast to the literature, which suggests anegative impact of periodontal disease on endothelial function.

Durante las últimas dos décadas ha venido incrementándose el interés acerca del impacto de la salud oral, sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares. El objetivo del estudiofue evaluar si en pacientes sistémicamente sanos y con tabaquismo, se encontraban diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de disfunción endotelial entre personas con enfermedad periodontal crónica de moderada a severa y personas con salud periodontal. El diseño empleado fue unestudio observacional de corte transversal. La población blanco, pacientes adultos mayores de 40 años de edad. Se tomaron muestras de sangre para obtener los valores de cuadro hemático, glucemia, colesterol total, cHDL y cLDL. Se realizó el examen periodontal diligenciando el anexo de periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología y de acuerdo con el instructivo. El sondaje se realizó en todos los dientes presentes en bocautilizando la sonda electrónica periodontal (Florida Probe®). La técnica y procedimientos para la vasodilatación mediada por flujo utilizados fueron los estandarizados internacionalmente. De los 150 participantes, 69 eran hombres (46 por ciento) y 81 mujeres (54 por ciento) con promedio de edad de 50.2 años. De estos, 75 pacientes (50 por ciento) correspondían al grupo deperiodontitis crónica. Al evaluar la vasodilatación mediada por flujo elpromedio inicial encontrado fue de 4.04 por ciento y el final fue de4.66 por ciento, con un 0.62 por ciento de aumento en promedio (p<0.001). Sepuede concluir que a pesar de la evidencia en la literatura que sugiere que la enfermedad periodontal impacta negativamente la función endotelial, medida por vasodilatación mediadapor flujo, el presente estudio no encontró una diferencia significativa.

Comparación de valores de proteína C-reactiva ultrasensible en pacientesedéntulos totales y pacientes con enfermedad periodontal crónica moderada y avanzada en la Facultad de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá / Comparison of values of C-reactive protein in edentulous patients and patients with chronic moderate-to-advanced periodontal disease at the Pontificia Universidad J averiana Dental School in Bogotá

Antecedentes: La enfermedad periodontal (EP) es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedadescardiovasculares. Puede influir e iniciar una reacción autoinmune, aumentandola inflamación sistémica y acelerando la progresión de placas ateroescleróticas prexistentes.Ante inflamación aumenta la concentración de proteína C-reactiva (medida por PCR-us),que está relacionada con ateroesclerosis y riesgo cardiovascular. Se ha encontrado queel valor de PCR-us es significativamente mayor en pacientes con periodontitis. Objetivo:Determinar si existen diferencias significativas en los valores de PCR-us de pacientes conEP crónica entre moderada y avanzada no tratada y pacientes edéntulos totales comomarcador de ausencia de EP. Métodos: El diseño fue de casos y controles con una muestrade 60 pacientes mayores de 30 años de edad (30 casos con periodontitis crónica moderadaa avanzada y 30 controles edéntulos totales). Se tomó una muestra de sangre a todos lospacientes (cuadro hemático, colesterol, triglicéridos, glucemia, PCR-us) y se analizaron loshallazgos. Resultados: El promedio de PCR-us en los pacientes con periodontitis fue 2,19mg/L, y en los pacientes edéntulos, de 4,12 mg/L. Existe una tendencia a hallar valoresde PCR-us más elevados en pacientes edéntulos, al considerar que se encontró mayorexposición al riesgo en los pacientes con periodontitis. Los resultados no fueron estadísticamentesignificativos. Conclusión: La PCR-us se presentó más aumentada en los pacientesedéntulos totales y los valores de PCR-us en pacientes con periodontitis no se observaroncomo un factor de riesgo elevado para enfermedad cardiovascular...

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It caninitiate an autoimmune reaction, increase systemic inflammation, and accelerate the progressionof preexisting atherosclerotic plaques. In presence of inflammation, PD increasesthe concentration of C-reactive protein (measured through hs-CRP) that is associated withatherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. It has been found that the value of hs-CRP is significantlyhigher in patients with periodontitis. Objective: Determine if there are significantdifferences in the values of hs-CRP among patients with untreated moderate-to-advancedchronic PD and edentulous patients (marker of absence of PE). Methods: A case-controlstudy was carried out with a sample of 60 patients older than 30 years of age (30 cases withmoderate-to-advanced chronic periodontitis diagnosed and 30 edentulous controls). Bloodsamples were taken from all patients (complete blood count, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose,hs-CRP) and the results were compared. Results: The average hs-CRP in patients withperiodontitis was 2.19 mg/L and 4.12 mg/L in edentulous patients. There is a tendency tofind values higher of hs-CRP in edentulous patients, given that there was higher exposure inpatients with periodontitis. The results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: hs-CRPwas higher in edentulous patients and hs-CRP values in patients with periodontitis were notseen as a high risk factor for cardiovascular disease..

Hallazgos clínicos periodontales en pacientes con osteoporosis / Periodontal findings in osteoporotic patients

PROPOSITO: Describir los hallazgos clínicos periodontales en pacientes con osteoporosis. METODOS: Se estudiaron 150 pacientes del género femenino, mayores de 40 años quienes asistieron a la clínica Cayre entre los meses de junio y agosto de 2000. Las mujeres tenían diagnóstico de osteoporosis; se les realizó historia clínica, periodontograma y un control de placa bacteriana. RESULTADOS: Se encontró enfermedad periodontal en la moyoría de las pacientes, teniendo en cuenta que aquellas que no la presentaron eran pacientes con prótesis total.